茂流泉

坎坎伐檀兮,置之茂流泉兮,泉水清且涟猗。
弗洛姆《健全的社会》
《有限与无限的游戏》读后漫谈

反思

kuroz posted @ 2013年3月20日 22:17 in 随感 , 1418 阅读

  预设的假定就像有色眼镜,它影响着我们对世界的理解。而且还会反过来:我们所看到的世界会变成我们认为它应该是的样子。

  当我第一次在《第五项修炼》里看到这个概念的时候,我感到十分后怕:如果我们发现不了这些假定,它们岂不是会一直存在于我们的思想中?

  下面说几个我发现的我自己的预设假定,与读者共勉。

1. 总是以为越新的东西越好

  《现代性的神学起源》的一句话点醒了我。书里说,现代人是一群奇怪的人,他们以时间界定自己,并称自己的时代为“现代”,以与“古代”区别。古希腊人从不用时间界定自己,而且总是认为古时的哲人比自己更道德高尚。

  而在现代人中的一个流行的误区是认为古代的东西都没有现代的好。

  我最近读《对称的历史》,这是一本讲数学史的书。里头说到中世纪的数学论战:两个人以数学来比试,比试的方法是每个人给另一方出一些题目,最后,做出题目多的人取胜。据说这在当时是有很多人观看,而且下注的比赛。想像到那比赛的热烈场面,我真想说,帅,帅呆了~~!我真想穿越回去,看看他们智力的较量。这样的比赛要是放在现代,恐怕只能成为小众的自娱自乐。

  新的东西未必比旧的好,太阳底下无新事。Lisp 和 C 这两个古老的语言一次又一次地证明了它们的价值。QuickCheck ——一个十多年前的单元测试库,其思想比起现在的 xUnit 不知高到哪里去了。(注:阅读这一段需要一些 IT 和编程知识)

  “新”就像一种饥渴。互联网上,人们永远想得到最新的信息,知道最新发生的事。但是,知道最新发生的事,真的有那么重要吗?你是想了解最新的信息,还是想发现对你最有价值的信息?

2. 总是以为越贵的东西越好

  齐美尔的《时尚的哲学》中谈论货币的文章启发了我。一件东西,我们往往只注意到它能够被金钱衡量的价值,而忽视了它不能被金钱衡量的价值。

  对于一件东西来说,只有那些最一般、最普通的方面是可以用金钱衡量的。而那些独特的方面,则无法用金钱衡量。而一件事物真正最有价值的地方都是它独一无二的地方。

  我们总是认为花更多钱就能买到更好的东西。一个流行的观点是认为肉比菜好。在外面吃一顿饭也以肉多不多作为这顿饭吃得好不好的依据。这显然是因为,在中国,肉比菜贵。事实上,高中生物我们就学过,肉和蔬菜中有不同的人体需要的营养,因此对人体来说,都很重要,不可偏废。又据说在美国,菜比肉贵,在那里的人们也许会得出“蔬菜更好”的结论吧。

  唐诺的《世间的名字》里写日本拉面,他说日本拉面的价格基本上只分站着吃和坐着吃两种。名店和一般店的价格也没有太大差异。这在现代真是难能可贵。如果说在现代社会,你毫无鉴赏力就可以买到更好的手表和服饰,但更多的钱却不能保证你能吃到更好的拉面。你必须对“拉面”这项东西有细致的研究,汤、原料、作法都了解,你才能找到合你喜欢的拉面。

  对你所购买东西的研究、热爱和投入,我认为我们越来越缺乏这些了。你所希望拥有的,究竟是一件东西最独特的方面,还是它最没特色的方面?

  找到你喜欢的东西,你愿意在它上面花心思和时间的东西,然后用你重要的东西交换它——而不是占有一大堆你从来没正眼瞧过一眼的昂贵商品。

2.1 一个故事

  说起金钱与时间,我又想起一个故事。女儿给妈妈送礼物。

  小的时候,她从学校旁的商店买的贺卡总是那么简陋,但她总是写上一段祝福的话——也许是刚学来的,笔迹歪歪扭扭、或者画上一幅画,儿童的简笔画。长大了,她送的贺卡总是那么精美——加上洋气的包装,贺卡上用英语印着祝福的话语——以至于她自己都不用动笔了。

  直到有一天,妈妈把她所有从小到大送的贺卡摆在她面前的时候,她才发现,自己犯了一个多么大的错误:感情的投入,又岂是金钱能替代的?

  如果你在乎你的亲情、友情,请花时间陪伴他们。跟你所花的时间和付出相比,金钱是这个世界上最没价值的东西。

  如果你喜欢一支乐队,请去 live 现场挥舞你的荧光棒。购买 CD ——那是因为去不了现场才不得不做出的权宜之计。

3. 对自己使用的工具越来越不了解

  现代科技虽然在进步,但每个人对自身周遭环境的了解不但没有加深,反而越来越少。古代人懂得自己制造工具,也知道如何使用,现代人就只知道使用了,而且使用的工具还越来越傻瓜化。到最后,人们真的会变得越来越傻。

  看《海伯利安的陨落》的时候看到这么一句:

  “亨特跟他那一代的绝大多数人一样,从没见过疾病或者死亡——那是一项专业问题,老百姓已经看不到了。”

  那是一个医疗全自动的时代,人们只需要把医疗包接到人身上就行了。人们不需要学习医疗以及护理的知识。我想,那样的一天大概迟早会来吧。

  如果所有一切都变成了“那是一项高深的专业问题”,我们只需要会使用,不需要知道它为什么会这样。我们只需要傻傻地相信,它一定可以帮我们解决所有问题。那将是怎样的情景?

  科技的进步日新月异,而人们却懒于学习新知。我认为,“大人”是社会强加给我们的一个奇怪的标签,一种刻板印象,好像一个人长大了,就应该把自己的时间都用于日复一日的工作和赚钱,然后消费享乐——对这个世界的运行原理的好奇?抱歉,那不是一个大人应该有的东西。想想,这真是个荒谬而又可怕的观点——赫胥黎其实早就警告过我们了。

  解决这个问题的办法在哪里?我认为是不断地学习还有阅读科普读物,只有这样我们才跟得上科技的进步。人们总以为科普读物是只有小孩子才需要看的,人们还认为一旦离开学校了就不需要再学什么,我想,那是我们这个社会最大的谬论。即使是大人,也是需要不断学习的——因为我们对我们的世界的了解,实在是太少、太少了。

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future 说:
2013年3月21日 12:52

多读书是一个好办法,不过也不止局限于“科普"读物。

多与人交流,多自我反思都是一些不错的办法

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future 说:
2013年3月21日 13:27

这个blog还不错。
不过国内能用blogspot不?感觉也挺好的。

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kuroz 说:
2013年3月22日 10:14

@future: blogspot 国内看不到的,is-programmer 这样小众的也的确是业界良心了

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kuroz 说:
2013年3月22日 10:27

@future: 嗯,可能是因为我自己吧,大学以来,我自己阅读的闲书以社科为主,数学和物理都被我遗忘了。最近重拾一些数学和物理的科普(比如什么希格斯玻色子之类的),我发现我对这个世界的好奇又被点燃了

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future 说:
2013年3月22日 11:28

@kuroz: 我本科毕业论文就做的暗物质,还是挺有意思的。
不过is-p太小众了……

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future 说:
2013年3月22日 11:31

这个可以看到不?
http://fredqianhu.wordpress.com/

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kuroz 说:
2013年3月22日 12:37

@future: wordpress 也是被认证的 http://viewdns.info/chinesefirewall/?domain=fredqianhu.wordpress.com 可以参考,我这儿也访问不了。
对了,话说美国真的是菜比肉贵吗?

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future 说:
2013年3月23日 03:04

没有,基本上一个价。

肉分很多种,有最垃圾的鸡肉(其实就是普通的鸡肉),还有有机的啊,分什么部位的啊,什么特殊的牛肉之类的,价格都不一样。

自己买食材做饭的话,价格其实还行

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future 说:
2013年3月23日 03:08

另外,其实肉肯定是比菜要“好”一些的,因为我们食用的肉类大部分是由菜经过动物消化吸收以后变过来的,中间损耗不少。

当然营养均衡还是很重要的。

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